Application of the Precautionary Principle in Hazardous Waste Transportation: Environmental Law Study on Licensing and Supervision Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v12i1.4987Keywords:
NaOH-48, B3 Transportation, Prudence, RegulationAbstract
This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of prudence in the legal system for the transportation of hazardous and toxic materials (B3) in Indonesia through a case study of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH-48) leak by CV. Yasindo Multi Pratama in West Bandung Regency.
The method used in this study is the doctrinal legal method with a normative juridical approach, accompanied by an empirical case study of violations of technical permits, vehicle feasibility, and driver certification in the B3 transportation process.
The novelty of this research lies in the integration of analysis between the principle of prudence as an environmental law principle and the technical transportation licensing system, which has not been studied in depth in the context of cross-sectoral supervision.
The results of the study show that the application of the precautionary principle is still not effective because of its formalistic nature, which has prevented its systemic implementation. Furthermore, weak coordination between agencies, low compliance with regulations by business actors, and the absence of adequate preemptive mechanisms in the form of education and socialization are also factors that hinder the effectiveness of this principle.
This study concludes that the effective application of the principle of prudence in the transportation of hazardous materials requires a reformulation of policies that emphasizes the integration of preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures, while affirming the multiple responsibilities of the government as the holder of the public protection mandate and business actors as the main subjects of the principle of strict liability.
References
Alexander, Hilda B. “SBI Ikut Pulihkan Lahan Tercemar Limbah B3 Di Indonesia.” Kompas (Lestari), 2023. https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2023/09/19/060000886/sbi-ikut-pulihkan-lahan-tercemar-limbah-b3-di-indonesia.
Axon, S. “Unveiling Understandings of the Rio Declaration’s Sustainability Principles: A Case of Alternative Concepts, Misaligned (Dis)Connections, and Terminological Evolution.” Sustainability 16, no. 6 (2024): 2600. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062600.
Budiartha, I Nyoman, and Mohammad Ervin Ardani. “Konsep Hukum Pengelolaan Limbah Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Dalam Perspektif Hukum Lingkungan.” Kertha Wicara: Journal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 4 (2025): 432–443. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthawicara/article/view/104136.
Cahyani, F. A., and A. W. Anditya. “Implementation of Precautionary Principles in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Indonesia.” Unifikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 1 (2024): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v11i01.765.
Chen, F., L. Yao, G. Mei, Y. Shang, F. Xiong, and Z Ding. “Groundwater Quality and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Semiarid Region of North China.” Water 13, no. 6 (2021): 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060783.
Crowl, Daniel A., and Joseph F. Louvar. Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications. Edition 4. Boston: Pearson Education, 2019.
Drivdal, L., and J. P. van der Sluijs. “Pollinator Conservation Requires a Stronger and Broader Application of the Precautionary Principle.” Current Opinion in Insect Science 46 (2021): 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COIS.2021.04.005.
Edwerga, Vikrisius, Djusdil Akrim, and Jumadil Jumadil. “Studi Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Di PT ANTAM Tbk.” JEBE: Journal of Environtment Behavior and Engineering 2, no. 2 (2024): 28–41. https://doi.org/10.56326/jebe.v2i2.5521.
“Egyptian Process Safety Management Steering Committee (PSMSC Egypt) Dan PSM Technical Subcommittee (PSMTC).” Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Guideline: EGPC-PSM-GL-003. Cairo, 2022.
Gholamizadeh, Kamran, Chia Rostami, Esmaeil Zarei, Mohammad Yazdi, and Sarbast Moslem. “Advancing Hazardous Materials Transport Safety: Systematic Insights on Risks, Challenges, and Research Gaps.” Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 7, no. 1 (2024): 100226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlssr.2025.100226.
Handayani, I. G. A. K. R., C. Yosiana, and S Kongrawd. “Reform of Environmental Approval Policy for Renewable Energy in Indonesia.” Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues 3, no. 2 (2025): 286–323. https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v3i2.101.
Hendriana, T. A., and M. A Mardyanto. “Kajian Risiko Lingkungan Pada Pengelolaan Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Dan Limbah B3 Industri Kimia Di PT XYZ Dengan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA).” Jurnal Teknik ITS 12, no. 3 (2023): 142–49. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v12i3.121683.
Hutabarat, Emi Septiana. “Analisa Potensi Risiko Keselamatan Pengemudi Barang Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun Berdasarkan Agreement for Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).” Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 21, no. 2 (2019): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v21i2.1564.
Huzaini, F. N., U. Risvano, A. T. Suprapto, and S. Martinez. “Enterprise Risk Management in Hazardous Waste Processing for Industrial Environmental Safety.” 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT), 2025, 1–7. https//doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT65724.2025.11167745.
Imran, Babar, Sher Jamal Khan, Ishtiaq A. Qazi, and Muhammad Arshad. “Removal and Recovery of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) from Industrial Wastewater by Two-Stage Diffusion Dialysis (DD) and Electrodialysis (ED) Processes.” Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 17 (2016): 7926–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1048742.
Khan, Faisal. Methods in Chemical Process Safety. Edition 20. Amsterdam: Academic Press (Elsevier)., 2017.
Liu, L., J. Li, L. Zhou, T. Fan, and S. Li. “Research on Route Optimization of Hazardous Materials Transportation Considering Risk Equity.” Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9427. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169427.
Mahawati, Eni, Qurnia Fitriyatinur, Cici Apriza Yanti, Puspita Puji Rahayu, and Cici Aprilliani. Keselamatan Kerja Dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri. Semarang: Penerbit Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2021.
Maulana, Irvan. “2 Pegawai Pabrik Jadi Tersangka Kebocoran Gas Caustic Soda Karawang.” detikJabar, 2024. https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-7178673/2-pegawai-pabrik-jadi-tersangka-kebocoran-gas-caustic-soda-karawang.
Panuntun, Bagus Puji, and Reni Susanti. “DLH Ungkap Cairan Kimia Yang Banjiri Jalan Di Bandung Barat: Soda Api.” Kompas (Bandung), 2024. https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2024/12/24/122527778/dlh-ungkap-cairan-kimia-yang-banjiri-jalan-di-bandung-barat-soda-api.
Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. Program Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Nasional Indonesia 2024–2029. Jakarta: Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan RI.
Proyogo, Joshua Wijaya. “Balancing Risk and Caution: The Precautionary Principle in Indonesian Environmental Law Context.” Universitas Negeri Semarang in Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v3i1.7889.
Putra, Muhammad Kresna Adi, and Yun Yun. “Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Pada Proses Pengangkutan Dalam Rangka Efesiensi Pada PT Pratama Karya Nugraha.” Jurnal Lentera Bisnis 14, no. 3 (2025): 3398–99. https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i3.1741.
Rizvanli, S., and B. Shahpalangova. “Assessment of the Hazard Risk That May Arise During the Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals by Vehicle Transport.” Təbiət və Elm 6, no. 8 (2024): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/47/23-37.
Sachdeva, Karan Raj. “Balancing Progress and Protection: The Precautionary Principle in Global Environmental Governance.” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28227.
Shi, J., T. Long, L. Zheng, S. Gao, and L Wang. “Neutralization of Industrial Alkali-Contaminated Soil by Different Agents: Effects and Environmental Impact.” Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 5850. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105850.
Tropenauer, B., D. Klinar, and J Golob. “Improved Understanding of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration Role and Kinetic Model of Cryolite Reactive Extraction in Cathode Spent Pot Linings.” Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 23, no. 1 (2021): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2021-0006.
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), 2024, Emergency Response Guidebook 2024, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office
Yang, Y. “The Application and Reflection of Cradle to Cradle in Industrial Design.” Academic Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (2024): 221–23. https://doi.org/10.54097/39gtam48.
Yusuf, F., A. Abubakar, D. Maghfirah, M. Heltomi, and C. C Isitua. “Gastrointestinal Mucosal Damages Caused by Ingestion of Corrosive Substances: A Case Study of Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide.” Narra J 3, no. 3 (2023): e259. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v3i3.259.
Zhang, W., W. Cheng, and W. Gai. “Hazardous Chemicals Road Transportation Accidents and The Corresponding Evacuation Events from 2012 to 2020 in China: A Review.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (2022): 15182. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215182.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Frisca Imanuel Suryadi, Maret Priyanta, Nadia Astriani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
