Unhealthy Business Competition in Government Procurement of Goods/Services in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Friedman Legal System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v12i1.4597Keywords:
Government Procurement, Law Enforcement, Unfair Business CompetitionAbstract
This study aims to analyze unfair business competition practices and their resolution mechanisms in government procurement of goods and services in Indonesia using Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theoretical framework.
The study method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and case study approach, which is analyzed qualitatively through a review of legislation, decisions of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU), and relevant legal literature. Case studies were conducted by analyzing three KPPU decisions that represent patterns of tender collusion in procurement, namely the Revitalization of Taman Ismail Marzuki (TIM) Phase III case, the provision of clean water in North Lombok, and the construction of the Prabumulih Mall.
The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous integration of weaknesses in legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture to assess the effectiveness of antitrust law enforcement in the procurement sector.
The results of the study show that the main obstacles to the enforcement of business competition law not only stem from regulatory loopholes and definitions of norms that are not yet operational, but are also influenced by institutional capacity constraints, weak inter-agency coordination, and a permissive culture towards collusion in procurement practices. This study emphasizes that strengthening the effectiveness of law enforcement requires practical measures such as refining the norms prohibiting collusion, integrating sanctions and a database of violations into the national e-procurement system, and strengthening the synergy between KPPU and LKPP through a post-decision monitoring mechanism to prevent repeat violations.
The conclusion of the study states that regulatory reformulation, strengthening of supervisory institutions, and renewal of the culture of compliance are key prerequisites for the realization of transparent, fair, and accountable procurement governance.
References
Angelia, Novita Mayasari, Lingga Abi Rahman, and Maulida. “Analisis Tanggungjawab Hukum Administrasi Negara Dalam Penanganan Korupsi Di Sektor Publik.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Sosial Politik 2, no. 3 (2024): 92–100. https://doi.org/10.59581/jhsp-widyakarya.v2i3.3409.
Ansori, Lutfil. “Reformasi Penegakan Hukum Perspektif Hukum Progresif.” Jurnal Yuridis 4, no. 2 (2018): 148. https://doi.org/10.35586/.v4i2.244https://doi.org/10.35586/.v4i2.244.
Apriani, Desi, Zulherman Idris, Esy Kurniasih, and Pandu Sinaga. “Revisi Sanksi Denda Administratif Menurut Hukum Persaingan Usaha Indonesia Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Suatu Analisis Hukum.” Journal Equitable 8, no. 1 (2023): 95–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37859/jeq.v10i2.9045.
Arifin, Zaenal. “Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Proses Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Pemerintah.” Jurnal Hukum Responsif 5, no. 5 (2017): 54–62.
Arifin, Zaenal, Muhammad Amirullah, and Tri Nugroho. “Praktik Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah Di Sektor Jasa Konstruksi.” Jurnal USM Law Review 7, no. 2 (2024): 757–67. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i2.8368.
Ariyanti, Nofita. “Peran KPPU Dalam Melindungi Konsumen Dari Perilaku Usaha Tidak Sehat.” Bureaucracy Journal: Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 3, no. 1 (2023): 885–96. https://doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v3i1.222.
Asmah, Asmah. “Penerapan Sanksi Denda Terhadap Kasus Persekongkolan Tender Jalan Nasional.” Jurnal Yudisial 12, no. 2 (2019): 197. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v12i2.280.
Barsyan, Jafar Ali. “Persaingan Dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa.” setkab.go.id. October 21, 2021, 2021.
Biro Hukum. “Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang.” Jakarta: Pemerintah Pusat, 2023.
CNN Indonesia. “KPPU Longgarkan Aturan Penegakan Hukum Karena Covid-19.” cnnindonesia.com. October 21, 2024, 2024.
Devi, Ria Sintha. “Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–10.
Enno Selya Agustina, Relys Sandi Ariani, and Nada Hasnadewi. “Analisis Upaya Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Kemitraan Dalam Perspektif Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.” Jurnal Studia Legalia 4, no. 01 (2023): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.61084/jsl.v4i01.61.
Fitriani, Nurul. “Wewenang KPPU Terhadap Pemberian Sanksi Pada Pihak Lain Dalam Kasus Persekongkolan Tender.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 1 (2021): 169. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1241.
Hadjon, P. M. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat: Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2007.
Hardiana, Dadang. “Penanganan Persekongkolan Tender Pemerintah: Studi Komparatif Atas Putusan KPPU No. 17/KPPU-L/2022.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesejahteraan Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia 09, no. 17 (2024): 13–23.
Juwita, Yuliana. “Larangan Persekongkolan Tender Berdasarkan Hukum Persaingan Usaha, Suatu Perbandingan Pengaturan Di Indonesia Dan Jepang.” Universitas Indonesia, 2012.
Karina, Aisyah Dinda. “Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Di Pasar Tradisional.” Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum 3, no. 2 (2019): 55–67.
Kholis, Nur, Ahmad Sarbini Kurniawan, Wahyu Setyani, and Angga Dendi Arisandi. “Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Dan Penguatan Peran Pengawasan KPPU Di Era Industri Digital Abstrak.” Cendekia Niaga Journal of Trade Development and Studies 8, no. 1 (2024): 40–56. https://doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v8i1.899.
Maheswari, Alya Anindita. “Batasan, Wewenang, Dan Keteribatan KPPU Dalam Kasus Persekongkolan Tender Menurut Hukum Persaingan Usaha.” Jurist Diction 3, no. 5 (2020): 1581–1596.
Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram, NTB: Mataram University Press, 2020.
Munawir, Zaini, and Abdul Lawali Hasibuan. “Faktor Penyebab Tidak Terbukti Secara Hukum Bentuk Dan Indikasi Persekongkolan Dalam Tender.” Jupiis: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 9, no. 2 (2017): 196. https://doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v9i2.8247.
Pahlevi, Farida. “Pemberantasan Korupsi Di Indonesia Perspektif Legal System Lawrence M. Freidmen.” El-Dusturie 1, no. 1 (2022): 24–42. https://doi.org/10.21154/eldusturie.v1i1.4097.
Prasetyanto, Dwi, Andrean Maulana, Muhammad Rizki, and Made Devina Parantina. “Kajian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Konsumen Bus Trans Metro Bandung Menggunakan Metode Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (Studi Kasus Pada TMB Koridor 3 Cicaheum Cibeureum).” Jurnal Teknik Sipil 28, no. 1 (2021): 107–16. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2021.28.1.11.
Putra, H. I., H. Purba, M. Siregar, and D. Harianto. “Asas Keseimbangan Dalam Kontrak Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa.” Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 3 (2023): 176–186. https://doi.org/10.56128/jkih.v3i3.297.
Rakhman, Agus Arif. “Pengembangan Konsep Formulasi Dokumen Perencanaan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah.” Jurnal Pengadaan Barang/Jasa 1, no. 1 (2022): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.55961/jpbj.v1i1.12.
Rizki, Mochamad Januar. “Melihat Ketentuan Sanksi Denda Di PP Anti-Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tak Sehat.” hukumonline.com. Maret 8, 2021, 2021.
Rombot, Ridel Jhonatan Toar, Harold Anis, and Rony Sepang. “Peranan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (Kppu) Dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Usaha Perdagangan Menurut Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.” Lex Privatum 8, no. 4 (2020): 125–35.
Siagian, Fahrizal S. “Optimalisasi Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence Meir Pidana Korupsi Di Indonesia.” JUSTICES : Journal of Law 2, no. 4 (2023): 185–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58355/justices.v2i4.93.
Sihaloho, Saut Wolker, Dani Ariza, and Agus Munandar. “Efektifitas E-Katalog Pada Kegiatan Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa (Pbj) Dalam Upaya Pemerintah Mencegah Fraud.” Economic, Accounting, Management and Business 7, no. 1 (2024): 219–30. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v7i1.798.
Sutedi, Adrian. Aspek Hukum Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa. Jakarta Timur: Sinar Grafika, 2012.
Tedjokusumo, Dave David. “Praktik Persekongkolan Tender Dalam Pengadaan Paket Pembangunan Revetment Dan Pengurungan Lahan Di Pelabuhan.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 8, no. 3 (2023): 343–58. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v8i3.7193.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaenal Arifin, Arief Slamet Karyadi, Miftah Arifin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
