The Compensation for Victims of Wrongful Shooting through Pretrial and Alternative Solutions in Indonesia

Authors

  • Shihaf Ismi Salman Najib Islamic University of Malang
  • Geofani Lingga Meryadinata Islamic University of Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i2.4265

Keywords:

Alternative Solutions, Compensation, Criminal Procedure Law, Mistaken Shooting, Pretrial

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the mechanism for filing and providing compensation for victims of wrongful shootings in pretrial according to criminal procedure law in Indonesia and explore alternative solutions for victims who do not get the proper compensation. The study method used is normative juridical, emphasizing a prescriptive nature because it solves society's legal problems. It is based on literature studies on primary legal materials such as laws, regulations, and court decisions and secondary legal materials such as journals and legal literature. The novelty of the study lies in the discussion of compensation mechanisms for victims of wrongful shootings and alternative solutions that have not been the primary focus in previous studies. This study explored the effectiveness of pretrial procedures as a solution for victims of wrongful shootings by law enforcement officers, as well as analyzed existing legal mechanisms to identify and propose improvements to prevent similar incidents in the future. The results show that victims of misfire can be compensated through the pretrial petition mechanism stipulated in KUHAP, Government Regulation No. 92/2015, and Ministry of Finance Decree No. 983/KMK.01/1983. However, the existing provisions still restrict the amount of compensation, which is often disproportionate to the victim's losses. Thus, alternative solutions that can be pursued include: (1) non-litigation settlement of cases through negotiation or mediation, (2) taking the criminal route by filing a lawsuit for deprivation of liberty and requesting compensation, and (3) filing a civil lawsuit based on unlawful acts (tort lawsuit). This study concludes that the government needs to revise Government Regulation No. 92/2015 by removing the minimum and maximum compensation limits. The amount of compensation should be determined by the District Court Judge, considering the level of loss suffered by the victim. Thus, justice for victims of wrongful shootings can be realized more optimally.

References

Aamer, Amina, Khaliq Ayub, and Rimsha Khan. “Legal Framework on Compensation for Wrongful Conviction in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis with Washington and England Laws.” Journal of Social Sciences Review 3 (June 30, 2023): 903–10. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.311.

Abadi, C V Literasi Nusantara. “PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PADA KORBAN SALAH TANGKAP,” 2023.

Ali, Mahrus, and Ari Wibowo. “Kompensasi Dan Restitusi Yang Berorientasi Pada Korban Tindak Pidana.” Yuridika 33, no. 2 (2018): 260. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i2.7414.

Anthony, Thalia, Juanita Sherwood, Harry Blagg, and Kieran Tranter. “No Justice, No Peace: Police Necroautomobility and Lack of Accountability.” In Unsettling Colonial Automobilities: Criminalisation and Contested Sovereignties, 79–101. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023.

APRIANI, TITIN. “Konsep Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Tindak Pidana.” Ganec Swara 13, no. 1 (2019): 43. https://doi.org/10.35327/gara.v13i1.61.

Asmi, Andi Nurul, and Hambali Thalib. “Hak Ganti Kerugian Korban Penangkapan Tidak Sah Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana.” Journal of Lex Theory (JLT) 1, no. 1 (2020): 99–115.

Bimasakti, Muhammad Adiguna. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Di Ombudsman Dan Di Pengadilan Mengenai Ganti Kerugian Dalam Pelayanan Publik.” Jurnal Hukum Peratun 2, no. 2 (2019): 213–34.

Damanik, VIVI HARIANI. “KEWENANGAN PRAPERADILAN MENGENAI GUGATAN PERMOHONAN GANTI KERUGIAN KARENA KEKELIRUAN MENGENAI ORANG DALAM PEMERIKSAAN PENYIDIKAN (STUDI PUTUSAN PRAPERADILAN NO. 145/PID. PRA/2017/PN. JAKSEL).” Jurnal Mahupiki 1, no. 8 (2019).

DAMAYANTI, DELLA. “PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN GANTI KERUGIAN TERHADAP KORBAN SALAH TANGKAP (ERROR IN PERSONA) DALAM PERKARA PIDANA (Studi Kasus: Perkara Nomor 98/Pid. Pra/2016/PN JKT. Sel).” Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, n.d.

Dimas Bagus Arya “Pelanggaran HAM Terus Diulang: Rentetan Peristiwa Kekerasan Kepolisian Pada Awal 2024, Menyebabkan Warga Sipil Menjadi Korban.” Badan Pekerja KontraS, 5803.

G S, Mahantesh, and Mamatha Rangaswamy. “VICTIM COMPENSATION IN INDIA -RECENT ANALYSIS,” March 28, 2024.

Gordon, Ian, and Seumas Miller. “The Fatal Police Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes: Is Anyone Responsible?” In Shooting to Kill: Socio-Legal Perspectives on the Use of Lethal Force, 216–37. Hart Publishing, 2012.

Hamdan, Ali Fathani. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Oknum Polisi Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Dalam Upaya Penegakan Kode Etik.” Jurnal Negara Dan Keadilan 11, no. 1 (2022): 27–34.

Hamzah, Andi. Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Sinar Grafika, 2017.

Iffat, Ummey. “Legal Rights and Remedies of the Victims of Wrongful Convictions and Incarceration in Bangladesh: Is It Sufficient to Provide Compensation Only?,” 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28448.80642.

Irwansyah, Irwansyah. “Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel.” Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media 8 (2020).

Jannah, Indah Dwi Miftachul, and A Djoko Sumaryanto. “Sanksi Hukum Tindakan Salah Tembak Aparat Kepolisian (Analisis Yuridis Putusan No. 44/PID. B/2009/PN. WMN).” Judiciary (Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan), 2022.

Julianto, Bambang. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi Dan Korban Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lex Renaissance 5, no. 1 (2020): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.20885/jlr.vol5.iss1.art2.

Kamagi, Gita Anggreina. “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Onrechtmatige Daad) Menurut Pasal 1365 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Dan Perkembangannya.” Jurnal Lex Privatum 6, no. 5 (2018): 57–65.

Kusuma, I Made Wisnu Wijaya, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. “Upaya Hukum Praperadilan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 2 (2020): 73–77.

M Yahya Harahap “Pembahasan Permasalahan Dan Penerapan KUHAP Penyidikan Dan Penuntutan,” 2019.

Mantili, Rai. “Ganti Kerugian Immateriil Terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Praktik: Perbandingan Indonesia Dan Belanda.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum DE’JURE: Kajian Ilmiah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2019): 298–321.

Margono, Prasetyo. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Salah Tangkap Dalam Tindak Pidana Menurut KUHAP.” Jurnal Independent 4, no. 1 (2016): 36–47.

Marzuki, Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Prenada Media, 2017.

Menajang, Jisril Timotius. “TINDAK PIDANA DENGAN SENGAJA DAN MELAWAN HUKUM MERAMPAS KEMERDEKAAN SESEORANG MENURUT PASAL 333 KUHP (KAJIAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 233 K/PID/2013).” LEX CRIMEN 7, no. 7 (2018).

Meryadinata, Geofani Lingga. “KOMPENSASI DAN RESTITUSI SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN NEGARA TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME.” Dinamika 31, no. 1 (2025): 11449–67.

Muammar, Muammar. “Penanganan Tindak Pidana Viral: Reduksi Terhadap Asas Legalitas Ke Asas Viralitas.” PATTIMURA Legal Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 19–29.

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 92 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, Pub. L. No. 92 (2015).

Rahmah, Dian Maris. “Optimalisasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Mediasi Di Pengadilan.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 4, no. 1 (2019): 1. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v4i1.174.

Rizqy, Rizqy, and Syahrizal Syahrizal. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dan Sanksi Nya.” Jurnal Justisia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 3, no. 2 (2019): 239. https://doi.org/10.22373/justisia.v3i2.5931.

Ryan, Meghan J. “Compensation for Wrongful Conviction and Incarceration in the United States.” SMU Dedman School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper, no. 534 (2022).

Salam, Syukron. “Perkembangan Doktrin Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Penguasa.” Nurani Hukum 1, no. 1 (2018): 33. https://doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v1i1.4818.

Saputra, And. “MA Hukum Polri Bayar Rp 300 Juta Karena Anggotanya Salah Tembak Warga.” detikNews, 2016.

Saputra, Dimas Tiga. “Ganti Kerugian Dan Rehabilitasi Dalam Perkara Pidana.” Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, 2017.

Sari, Wulan Dianning. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Oknum Polisi Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana (Studi Di Propam Polda Jatim).” Dinamika 29, no. 1 (2023): 6857–70.

Singal, Elsa Priskila, and Dkk. “Primum Remedium Dalam Hukum Pidana Sebagai Penanggulangan Kejahatan Kerah Putih (Money Laundering).” Lex Crimen 10, no. 6 (2021): 197.

Sugiarto, Umar Said. Pengantar Hukum Indonesia. Sinar Grafika, 2021.

Suryoutomo, Markus, Siti Mariyam, and Adhi Putra Satria. “Koherensi Putusan Hakim Dalam Pembuktian Ganti Rugi Imateriel Perbuatan Melawan Hukum.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2022): 133–49.

Tornado, Anang Shophan, M H SH, and M Kn. Praperadilan: Sarana Perlindungan Tersangka Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. Nusamedia, 2019.

Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan tentang Hukum Pidana, Pub. L. No. 1 (1946).

Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana, Pub. L. No. 8 (1981).

Zakirova, Irina. “An Analysis of Issues at Pre-Trial Proceedings Leading to Wrongful Convictions in No Crime Cases: There Was No Crime, but They Did the Time.” Alb. L. Rev. 82 (2018): 843.

Downloads

Published

09-05-2025

How to Cite

Shihaf Ismi Salman Najib, & Geofani Lingga Meryadinata. (2025). The Compensation for Victims of Wrongful Shooting through Pretrial and Alternative Solutions in Indonesia. JUSTISI, 11(2), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i2.4265

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.